Enwere ike kewaa soda caustic n'ime flake soda, granular soda na solid soda dịka ụdị ya si dị. Ojiji nke caustic soda gụnyere ọtụtụ ihe ubi, nke a bụ okwu mmalite zuru ezu maka gị:
1. Mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha.
Mgbe e jiri sọlfọlik acid saa ya, ihe ndị e ji mmanụ ala mee ka nwere ihe ndị na-eme ka ọ dị ka asịd, nke a ga-eji mmiri sodium hydroxide saa ya, wee jiri mmiri saa ya iji nweta ihe ndị a na-eme ka ọ dị mma.
2.mbipụta na agba
A na-ejikarị ya agba indigo na agba quinone. N'usoro agba agba nke agba vat, a ga-eji mmiri soda caustic na sodium hydrosulfite belata ha ka ha bụrụ leuco acid, wee jiri oxidants mee ka ha dị ka nke mbụ na-anaghị agbaze mgbe agbachara ha.
Mgbe ejiri mmiri soda caustic gwọọ ákwà owu ahụ, a pụrụ iwepụ wax, mmanụ, starch na ihe ndị ọzọ e ji ákwà owu kpuchie, n'otu oge ahụkwa, a pụrụ ịbawanye ihe na-egbuke egbuke nke ákwà ahụ iji mee ka agba ahụ yie otu.
3. Eriri ákwà
1). Ákwà
A na-eji mmiri sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) nke e ji owu na ákwà linin mee ka eriri dịkwuo mma. Eriri ndị mmadụ mere dịka rayon, rayon, rayon, wdg, bụkarị eriri viscose. E ji cellulose (dịka pulp), sodium hydroxide, na carbon disulfide (CS2) mee ha dị ka ihe e ji emepụta mmiri viscose, nke a na-agba, nke e ji mmiri condensation mee.
2). Eriri viscose
Nke mbụ, jiri mmiri soda caustic nke dị pasent 18-20 tinye ihe n'ime selulose ahụ ka ọ ghọọ alkali cellulose, wee kpọọ nkụ ma gwerie alkali cellulose, tinye carbon disulfide, wee mechaa gbazee sulfonate ahụ na mmiri mmiri dị nro iji nweta viscose. Mgbe a sachara ma hichaa ya (wepụ afụfụ ikuku), enwere ike iji ya mee ntụgharị.
4. Ime akwụkwọ
Ihe ndị e ji eme akwụkwọ bụ osisi ma ọ bụ ahịhịa, nke nwere nnukwu ihe ndị na-abụghị cellulose (lignin, chịngọm, wdg) na mgbakwunye na cellulose. A na-eji sodium hydroxide eme ihe maka iwepụ ihe, ọ bụkwa naanị mgbe ewepụrụ lignin dị n'ime osisi ka a ga-enweta eriri. Enwere ike ịgbaze ma kewaa ihe ndị na-abụghị cellulose site na itinye mmiri sodium hydroxide dị nro, ka e wee nwee ike nweta pulp nwere cellulose dị ka ihe bụ isi.
5. Jiri laịm mee ka ala ahụ ka mma.
N'ala, mgbanwe nke mineral nwekwara ike imepụta asịd n'ihi mmepụta nke asịd organic ka ihe organic na-ere ere. Na mgbakwunye, iji fatịlaịza inorganic dị ka ammonium sulfate na ammonium chloride ga-emekwa ka ala ahụ bụrụ acidic. Itinye obere lime kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ime ka ihe acidic dị n'ala ghara ịdị irè, na-eme ka ala dị mma maka uto ihe ubi ma na-akwalite mmụba nke nje bacteria. Mmụba nke Ca2+ n'ime ala nwere ike ịkwalite coagulation nke colloids ala, nke na-eme ka e nwee mkpokọta ihe, ma n'otu oge ahụ nwee ike inye calcium dị mkpa maka uto ihe ọkụkụ.
6. Ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ na ihe ndị na-emepụta kemịkalụ.
N'ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, a na-eji soda caustic eme sodium metal na electrolyzing mmiri. A na-eji soda caustic ma ọ bụ soda ash eme ọtụtụ nnu inorganic, ọkachasị n'ịkwadebe ụfọdụ nnu sodium (dịka borax, sodium silicate, sodium phosphate, sodium dichromate, sodium sulfite, wdg). A na-ejikwa soda caustic ma ọ bụ soda ash eme ihe na njikọta nke agba, ọgwụ na ihe ndị dị ndụ.
7. rọba, akpụkpọ anụ
1). Silica e ji mmiri kpọchie
Nke mbụ: mee iko mmiri (Na2O.mSO2) site na iji sodium hydroxide mee ihe na quartz ore (SiO2)
Nke abụọ: megharịa iko mmiri site na iji sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, na carbon dioxide iji mepụta carbon ojii ọcha (silicon dioxide)
Silica a kpọtụrụ aha ebe a bụ ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike kachasị mma maka roba eke na roba sịntetik
2). Imegharị ihe nke roba ochie
N'iji roba ochie eme ihe ọzọ, a na-eji mmiri sodium hydroxide gwọọ ntụ ntụ roba ahụ tupu oge eruo, wee hazie ya.
3). Akpụkpọ anụ
Ụlọ Ọrụ Tannery: usoro imegharị ihe nke mmiri ntụ ntụ nke ihe mkpofu akpụkpọ anụ, n'otu aka, n'etiti usoro abụọ nke ọgwụgwọ mmiri sodium sulfide na itinye ọgwụgwọ ntụ ntụ lime na usoro mgbasawanye dị ugbu a, ojiji nke oke tare na-abawanye site na 0.3-0.5% Nzọụkwụ ọgwụgwọ ngwọta sodium hydroxide 30% na-eme ka eriri akpụkpọ anụ gbasaa nke ọma, na-emezu ihe achọrọ maka usoro ahụ, ma na-eme ka mma nke ngwaahịa emechara nke ọma.
8. igwe eji arụ ọrụ, imepụta ihe na-akpụ akpụ
N'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ọla, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ịgbanwe ihe ndị dị n'ime ọla ahụ ka ọ bụrụ nnu sodium na-agbaze agbaze iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị agbaze agbaze. Ya mere, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa itinye ntụ soda (ọ bụkwa flux), mgbe ụfọdụkwa, a na-ejikwa soda caustic.
9. Akụkụ ndị ọzọ nke ọrụ ahụ
1). E nwere ọrụ abụọ nke soda caustic seramiiki n'imepụta seramiiki. Nke mbụ, a na-eji soda caustic eme ihe dị ka ihe na-agbaze ihe n'usoro ịgba ọkụ nke seramiiki. Nke abụọ, elu seramiiki a na-agba ọkụ ga-adị nkọ ma ọ bụ sie ike nke ukwuu. Jiri mmiri soda caustic hichaa ya. N'ikpeazụ, mee ka elu seramiiki ahụ dịkwuo nro.
2). N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ngwa egwu, a na-eji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka acid ghara ịdị ọcha, ihe na-eme ka agba ghara ịdị ọcha, na ihe na-eme ka ọ ghara ịdị ọcha. A na-eji ụlọ ọrụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka starch gelatinizer na ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha dị ka citrus, piich, wdg.
Oge ozi: Febụwarị-16-2023